Discover Harvard’s groundbreaking research on psychedelics.

Latest Research

  • Intersections with Indigeneity in Psychedelic Buddhism

    Colin Simonds, CSWR Entheogenic Review

    This paper critically analyzes two approaches to Psychedelic Buddhism by Buddhist teachers Mike Crowley and Spring Washam and explores how these teachers think through, talk about, and engage with the Indigenous communities from which their practices originate.

  • State Drug Laws

    Mason Marks, Fordham Law Review

    This Essay provides a typology of state drug laws comprising thirteen categories, including decriminalization, recriminalization, adult use, supported adult use, medical use, supported medical use, religious use, social consumption, safe consumption, clinical research, policy analysis, trigger laws, and food and agricultural laws. Several states have enacted hybrid legislation that blends features from different categories. A higher-level categorization can also be imposed onto the typology, dividing the categories into three broader groups, including laws regarding independent drug use, supervised drug use, and drug policy or procedure.

  • Xochipilli: Psychedelic Plants, Song, and Ritual in Aztec Religion

    Osiris González Romero, CSWR Theosis

    Xochipilli, a deity linked to songs, flowers, the rising sun, joy, games, and fertility, holds profound significance in Aztec religion. Historical sources characterize this deity as revered by nobles, elite principals, and guilds of artists, revered in both masculine and feminine forms. Yet Xochipilli is an understudied deity. This essay offers an overview of his features, including rituals consecrated in his honor.

  • Psychedelic Therapy Scrutinized by FDA Advisory Committee?

    Mason Marks, JAMA Network

  • Developing an Ethics and Policy Framework for Psychedelic Clinical Care: A Consensus Statement

    Amy L. McGuire, I. Glenn Cohen, Dominic Sisti, Mason Marks, et. al., JAMA Network

    As government agencies around the globe contemplate approval of the first psychedelic medicines, many questions remain about their ethical integration into mainstream medical practice. From June 9 to 12, 2023, 27 individuals representing the perspectives of clinicians, researchers, Indigenous groups, industry, philanthropy, veterans, retreat facilitators, training programs, and bioethicists convened at the Banbury Center at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This consensus statement reports 20 points of consensus across 5 ethical issues (reparations and reciprocity, equity, and respect; informed consent; professional boundaries and physical touch; personal experience; and gatekeeping), with corresponding relevant actors who will be responsible for implementation.

  • Branching Regulatory Paths and Dead Ends in Psychedelics

    I. Glenn Cohen, The Regulatory Review

    The convergence of current psychedelics regulatory pathways may bring benefits and new challenges.

  • Essentials of Informed Consent to Psychedelic Medicine

    Mason Marks, Rebecca W. Brendel, Carmel Shachar, I. Glenn Cohen, JAMA Psychiatry

    Analysis of the challenges of designing and implementing psychedelic informed consent practices revealed 7 essential components, including the possibility of short- and long-term perceptual disturbances, potential personality changes and altered metaphysical beliefs, the limited role of reassuring physical touch, the potential for patient abuse or coercion, the role and risks of data collection, relevant practitioner disclosures, and interactive patient education and comprehension assessment. Because publicly available informed consent documents for psychedelic clinical trials often overlook or underemphasize these essential elements, sample language and procedures to fill the gap are proposed.

  • The Project on Psychedelics Law and Regulation (POPLAR)

    Ongoing

    Petrie-Flom Center

    The Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School is engaged in a three-year initiative to examine the ethical, legal, and social implications of psychedelics research, commerce, and therapeutics. Launched in summer 2021 with a generous grant from the Saisei Foundation, the Project on Psychedelics Law and Regulation (POPLAR) at the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School will advance evidence-based psychedelics law and policy.

  • State-Regulated Psychedelics on a Collision Course With FDA

    Mason Marks, JAMA

    Interest in researching and commercializing psychedelic medicines is growing. Substances such as psilocybin and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine show potential for treating conditions including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may soon approve psychedelics for these and other indications.

  • From Entheogens to Evangelicalism: Spiritual Practices Among Hispanic/Latin Americans

    Fernando Espi Forcen, Psychiatric Annals

    Hispanic, Latinx people practice spirituality in a wide array of forms. Whereas Catholicism has been the dominant religion for centuries, a re-birth of Native American, African spirituality has taken place over the last few decades. In parallel, the influence of the United States in the Latin world is reflected in the rapidly growing popularity of Evangelical Christianity. In order to better understand, study spiritual practices in Latin America, one must understand the historical vicissitudes that led to the formation of these religions, the context in which they became ingrained in these territories.

  • Psychometric brahman, psychedelic science: Walter Stace, transnational Vedanta, and the Mystical Experience Questionnaire

    Jeffrey Breau and Paul Gillis-Smith, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews

    The longstanding juncture between science and religion in psychedelic research is mediated most notably by the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ). The MEQ is a psychometric survey for assessing mystical experiences, and it relies on the work of philosopher Walter Stace for its typology and philosophy of mysticism. Yet there is an under-investigated influence from Vedantic Hinduism that contributed to Stace’s thinking. In an analysis of Stace’s hermeneutics of mysticism, this article demonstrates how Stace’s typology of mystical experience was created in dialogue with major figures in the field of modern, transnational Vedanta.

  • How Should the FDA Evaluate Psychedelic Medicine?

    Mason Marks and I. Glenn Cohen, New England Journal of Medicine

    Mounting clinical evidence could lead to the approval of new psychedelic medicines. The FDA’s draft guidance on psychedelics research includes several recommendations that may be contentious.

  • Race, ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use, crime arrests

    Grant Jones, Maha Al-Suwaidi, Franchesca Castro-Ramirez, Taylor C. McGuire, Patrick Mair, Matthew K. Nock; Frontiers in Psychiatry

    This study investigates how race, ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use, crime arrests. Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use, Health (2002–2020) with 734,061 adults, it finds that race, ethnicity significantly moderate the associations between psilocybin use, crime arrests. The study suggests that racial, ethnic identity impacts the relationship between psilocybin use, crime, highlighting the need for further research into the intersection of sociodemographic factors, psychedelic use, crime.

  • Psychedelics, Related Pharmacotherapies as Integrative Medicine for Older Adults in Palliative Care

    Kabir Nigam, Kimberly A. Curseen, Yvan Beaussant, Clinics in Geriatric Medicine

    This review article discusses the potential of psychedelics, related pharmacotherapies as integrative medicine for older adults in palliative care. It explores the use of these substances in addressing existential distress, serious illness, end-of-life care, highlighting the need for further research, consideration of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) in this context.

  • Pressing regulatory challenges for psychedelic medicine

    Amy L. McGuire, Holly Fernandez Lynch, Lewis A. Grossman,, I. Glenn Cohen; Science

    This article discusses the regulatory challenges faced in the development of psychedelic medicine. It highlights the growing interest, investment in psychedelic drug development, the complexities of applying traditional clinical trial, premarket approval processes to these substances. The article emphasizes the need for regulatory creativity, collaboration to maximize the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, considering their use outside the medical establishment, the limited evidence on their clinical benefits.

  • Pharmacotherapy, Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Patient With Lifelong Self-Doubt, Self-Criticism

    Albert Yeung, Guy Sapirstein, Laura D. Crain, Margaret A. Cramer, Fernando Espi Forcen, Susan Sprich, Jonah N. Cohen; The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

    This article discusses a case of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in a 61-year-old patient named John, who had a long history of depression, inadequate responses to various treatments, including medications, therapy. The article explores John’s symptoms, including self-doubt, existential angst, anxiety, and the challenges he faced in managing his depression.

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